Anarchy and the Integrity of Namibia’s Judiciary: A Contextual Analysis

Africa’s journey through colonialism and into post-independence has been marked by a fierce struggle for freedom and dignity. However, the promises of liberation have often been overshadowed by the replication of colonial practices by post-independence elites. These new leaders, having fought against colonial oppression, have sometimes become the very agents of the same authoritarian systems they once opposed. The legacy of colonial governance, characterized by centralized power, disregard for democracy, and suppression of dissent, continues to haunt Africa, particularly during moments of political transition such as elections.In countries like Kenya, Zimbabwe, Uganda, Malawi, and Mozambique, the transition to democracy has frequently resulted in political chaos, electoral fraud, and violence. Kenya’s 2007 post-election violence, for example, exposed the betrayal of the people, as elite manipulation fueled tribal divisions and disrupted the electoral process. Zimbabwe’s 2008 elections highlighted the transformation of the liberation hero Robert Mugabe into an autocrat, while Uganda’s 2021 elections showcased the entrenchment of Yoweri Museveni’s oppressive rule. In Malawi, the “Tipp-Ex” scandal of 2019 revealed widespread electoral manipulation, and in Mozambique, the Frelimo party’s persistent control of power through fraud and violence undermined democracy.These electoral crises across Africa reflect a common theme: the betrayal of the ideals of liberation and the perpetuation of elite dominance. Africa’s youth, often marginalized yet potent, are key to transforming the continent's political landscape and reclaiming agency in the struggle for justice and equality.The 2024 Electoral Process in Namibia: A Case of ControversyIn Namibia, the 2024 presidential election, originally intended to be a moment of democratic progress, was marred by significant electoral failures. On 27 November 2024, the nation went to the polls to elect a new Head of State and National Assembly, but the process was plagued by chaos. Long queues, a shortage of ballot papers, and technological issues with voter identification devices forced the Electoral Commission of Namibia (ECN) to extend the voting period beyond the scheduled day. This extension, however, violated the Electoral Act of 2014, which stipulates a specific polling day. The President’s decision to amend his proclamation lacked legal justification, relying on outdated colonial-era laws.This breach of legal procedures sparked controversy, with opposition parties accusing the government of voter suppression and electoral fraud. Despite these allegations, Netumbo Nandi-Ndaitwah of the SWAPO party was declared Namibia's first female president-elect with 57% of the vote. However, the election results were not a triumph of democracy. SWAPO’s parliamentary seats decreased from 63 to 51, reflecting widespread dissatisfaction among the Namibian people, whose voices were suppressed by the ruling elite.The election, far from representing a democratic success, highlighted how entrenched systems of power manipulate the electoral process to serve elite interests. This mirrored the situation in neighboring Mozambique, where the 2024 elections were similarly marred by fraud, violence, and repression. FRELIMO’s victory in Mozambique sparked violent backlash, with over 130 people killed and thousands fleeing the violence. These crises in both Namibia and Mozambique underscore the growing reality of authoritarianism in Southern Africa, where political elites are determined to preserve their power at the cost of democratic integrity.The Judiciary of Namibia and Historical Electoral DisputesNamibia’s judiciary has often failed to address electoral disputes effectively, which has raised concerns about its independence and role in safeguarding democracy. The 2009 case Rally for Democracy and Progress (RDP) and Others v. Electoral Commission of Namibia (ECN) exemplified how the judiciary prioritized procedural formalism over substantive justice. By dismissing the case on technical grounds, the court ignored serious allegations of electoral irregularities, undermining public trust in the judicial system.A similar pattern emerged in the 2019 Itula and Others v. Minister of Urban and Rural Development case, where the Supreme Court ruled that Electronic Voting Machines (EVMs) without a verifiable paper trail were unconstitutional but chose not to annul the election. This decision reinforced the status quo and protected the interests of the ruling elite rather than upholding democratic principles. The judiciary’s reluctance to confront politically sensitive issues contributed to a perception of political bias and reluctance to challenge the legitimacy of elections.Following the 2024 elections, a new case is pending before the Electoral Court and the Supreme Court, challenging the election results. With clear evidence of electoral irregularities, the judiciary faces a critical test: will it uphold democracy and ensure the integrity of the electoral process, or will it once again prioritize technicalities, allowing elite control to persist?The Failures of the Judiciary and the Need for ReformThe Namibian judiciary's repeated failure to address election challenges and uphold democratic accountability is indicative of a broader issue within the country’s democratic framework. By focusing on procedural legalities rather than addressing the substantive issues of electoral fairness and justice, the judiciary has weakened its credibility as a custodian of democracy. This has left citizens disillusioned and marginalized, with little confidence in the fairness of the electoral system.From a leftist perspective, the judiciary’s failure to prioritize substantive justice reflects the contradictions inherent in capitalist democracy. The legal system, by enforcing procedural legality rather than addressing issues of transparency, inclusivity, and fairness, reinforces the status quo of elite dominance. True democracy, in this context, demands not only judicial reforms but also broader political changes that empower marginalized communities and prioritize the collective interests of the working class.ConclusionNamibia’s political and judicial systems, much like those of other African nations, face significant challenges in upholding democratic principles. The failures of the electoral process and the judiciary highlight the need for a radical transformation of the political system. The ongoing crises in Namibia and Mozambique serve as a stark reminder that true liberation can only be achieved through the dismantling of authoritarian structures and the redistribution of power to the people.The path forward requires a deep commitment to justice, fairness, and transparency. It demands that the people reject the compromises of post-colonial elites who perpetuate systems of oppression and instead fight for a world where power serves the collective interests of the people. Africa’s revolutionary potential lies in its ability to overcome the failures of its past and create a future where democracy is not merely a formal exercise but a tool for real empowerment and equality. Only through such transformative change can Namibia and the broader African continent move toward a future rooted in justice and genuine liberation.

Anarchy and the Integrity of Namibia’s Judiciary: A Contextual Analysis

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Namibian Sun 2025-04-03

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Anarchy and the Integrity of Namibia’s Judiciary: A Contextual Analysis

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Namibian Sun 2025-04-03

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